implement nip61 nutzap redemption

This commit is contained in:
2026-11-06 09:08:44 +07:00
parent 4b9e229532
commit 8c5b816ebf
7 changed files with 437 additions and 52 deletions
Generated
-14
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@@ -1329,19 +1329,6 @@ dependencies = [
"web-sys",
]
[[package]]
name = "cdk-nostr"
version = "0.18.0"
source = "git+https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk#578e719fbf683871a8480961627700f01f3ee7ee"
dependencies = [
"nostr",
"nostr-sdk",
"thiserror 2.0.21",
"tokio",
"tokio-util",
"tracing",
]
[[package]]
name = "cdk-redb"
version = "0.18.0"
@@ -6133,7 +6120,6 @@ version = "2.0.0-alpha3"
dependencies = [
"anyhow",
"cdk",
"cdk-nostr",
"cdk-redb",
"common",
"flume 0.11.1",
-1
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@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ rand = { version = "0.10", default-features = false, features = [ "std", "sys_rn
# storage: pure Rust, avoids the libsqlite3-sys links clash with nostr-sqlite.
cdk = { git = "https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk", default-features = false, features = [ "wallet" ] }
cdk-redb = { git = "https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk", default-features = false, features = [ "wallet" ] }
cdk-nostr = { git = "https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk", default-features = false }
# Others
anyhow = "1.0.44"
-1
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@@ -23,4 +23,3 @@ tokio = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [ "rt" ] }
cdk.workspace = true
cdk-redb.workspace = true
cdk-nostr.workspace = true
+41
View File
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn build_history_event<S>(
amount: u64,
created: EventId,
destroyed: &[EventId],
redeemed: &[EventId],
sender: Option<PublicKey>,
) -> Result<Event, Error>
where
S: AsyncGetPublicKey + AsyncSignEvent + AsyncNip44 + ?Sized,
@@ -200,11 +202,50 @@ where
"created".to_string(),
]);
let mut tags: Vec<Tag> = redeemed
.iter()
.map(|id| Tag::custom("e", [id.to_hex(), String::new(), "redeemed".to_string()]))
.collect();
if let Some(sender) = sender {
tags.push(Tag::custom("p", [sender.to_hex()]));
}
let content = signer
.nip44_encrypt_async(me, &serde_json::to_string(&rows)?)
.await?;
Ok(EventBuilder::new(Kind::CashuWalletSpendingHistory, content)
.tags(tags)
.finalize_async(signer)
.await?)
}
pub(crate) async fn build_nutzap_info_event<S>(
signer: &S,
mints: &[Url],
relays: &[&str],
wallet_pubkey: PublicKey,
) -> Result<Event, Error>
where
S: AsyncGetPublicKey + AsyncSignEvent + ?Sized,
{
let mut tags: Vec<Tag> = relays
.iter()
.map(|relay| Tag::custom("relay", [relay.to_string()]))
.collect();
for mint in mints {
tags.push(Tag::custom("mint", [mint.to_string(), "sat".to_string()]));
}
tags.push(Tag::custom(
"pubkey",
[format!("02{}", wallet_pubkey.to_hex())],
));
Ok(EventBuilder::new(Kind::Custom(10019), "")
.tags(tags)
.finalize_async(signer)
.await?)
}
+239 -10
View File
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::sync::Arc;
use anyhow::Error;
use anyhow::{Error, anyhow};
use cdk::mint_url::MintUrl;
use cdk::nuts::CurrencyUnit;
use cdk::nuts::{CurrencyUnit, Proof, Proofs, SpendingConditions};
use cdk::wallet::{Wallet, WalletBuilder};
use cdk_redb::WalletRedbDatabase;
use common::config_dir;
@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@ pub struct WalletRegistry {
/// Token events killed by a kind 5 delete or superseded by a `del` chain
stale: HashSet<EventId>,
quotes: Vec<MintQuoteEntry>,
/// NIP-61 nutzap events already claimed, recorded by our 7376 events
redeemed: HashSet<EventId>,
/// Nutzaps seen but not yet redeemed (wallet was not ready)
pending_nutzaps: Vec<Event>,
/// Nutzaps with a redemption job in flight
redeeming: HashSet<EventId>,
store: Option<Arc<WalletRedbDatabase>>,
wallets: HashMap<MintUrl, Wallet>,
loading: bool,
@@ -67,6 +73,8 @@ struct LoadedState {
wallet: Option<keys::WalletData>,
tokens: HashMap<EventId, TokenEvent>,
stale: HashSet<EventId>,
redeemed: HashSet<EventId>,
nutzaps: Vec<Event>,
}
impl WalletRegistry {
@@ -95,6 +103,9 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
tokens: HashMap::new(),
stale: HashSet::new(),
quotes: Vec::new(),
redeemed: HashSet::new(),
pending_nutzaps: Vec::new(),
redeeming: HashSet::new(),
store: None,
wallets: HashMap::new(),
loading: false,
@@ -316,9 +327,18 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
let publish = cx.background_spawn(async move {
let me = signer.get_public_key_async().await?;
let event = keys::build_wallet_event(&signer, &me, &privkey, &mints).await?;
client.send_event(&event).await?;
client.database().save_event(&event).await?;
let info = keys::build_nutzap_info_event(
&signer,
&mints,
&state::BOOTSTRAP_RELAYS,
Keys::new(privkey.clone()).public_key(),
)
.await?;
client.send_event(&info).await?;
Ok::<_, Error>(keys::WalletData {
event_id: event.id,
@@ -362,6 +382,9 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
self.tokens.clear();
self.stale.clear();
self.quotes.clear();
self.redeemed.clear();
self.pending_nutzaps.clear();
self.redeeming.clear();
self.store = None;
self.wallets.clear();
self.loading = false;
@@ -392,14 +415,22 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
while let Some(notification) = notifications.next().await {
if let ClientNotification::Message { message, .. } = notification
&& let RelayMessage::Event { event, .. } = *message
&& me == Some(event.pubkey)
{
let ours = me == Some(event.pubkey);
let wallet_event = ours
&& (matches!(
event.kind,
Kind::CashuWallet
| Kind::CashuWalletUnspentProof
| Kind::CashuWalletSpendingHistory
) || is_token_deletion(&event))
{
) || is_token_deletion(&event));
let nutzap = event.kind == Kind::Custom(9321)
&& me.is_some_and(|me| event.tags.public_keys().any(|key| key == me));
if !wallet_event && !nutzap {
continue;
}
// Prune the dedup set before it grows unbounded
if processed_events.len() >= MAX_PROCESSED {
processed_events.clear();
@@ -430,7 +461,9 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
match event.kind {
Kind::CashuWallet => self.absorb_wallet(event, cx),
Kind::CashuWalletUnspentProof => self.absorb_token(event, cx),
Kind::CashuWalletSpendingHistory => {}
Kind::EventDeletion => self.absorb_deletion(event, cx),
Kind::Custom(9321) => self.absorb_nutzap(event, cx),
_ => {}
}
}
@@ -538,6 +571,74 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
}
}
/// Claim a NIP-61 nutzap.
fn absorb_nutzap(&mut self, event: Event, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
if self.redeemed.contains(&event.id) || self.redeeming.contains(&event.id) {
return;
}
if self.store.is_none() || self.wallets.is_empty() {
self.pending_nutzaps.push(event);
return;
}
let Some(wallet) = self.wallet.as_ref() else {
return;
};
let Some(mint) = nutzap_mint(&event) else {
log::warn!("nutzap {} has no mint", event.id);
return;
};
let Ok(mint_url) = MintUrl::from_str(&mint) else {
log::warn!("nutzap {} has an invalid mint: {mint}", event.id);
return;
};
if !self.wallets.contains_key(&mint_url) {
log::warn!("nutzap {} is on an unlisted mint: {mint_url}", event.id);
return;
}
let proofs = match nutzap_proofs(&event) {
Ok(proofs) => proofs,
Err(error) => {
log::warn!("nutzap {} has no usable proofs: {error:#}", event.id);
return;
}
};
let target = format!(
"02{}",
Keys::new(wallet.privkey.clone()).public_key().to_hex()
);
if !proofs.iter().all(|proof| locked_to(proof, &target)) {
log::warn!(
"nutzap {} proofs are not locked to the wallet key",
event.id
);
return;
}
self.redeeming.insert(event.id);
self.schedule_job(
ops::Job::RedeemNutzap {
mint: mint_url,
proofs,
nutzap_id: event.id,
sender: event.pubkey,
},
cx,
);
}
fn drain_pending_nutzaps(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
for event in std::mem::take(&mut self.pending_nutzaps) {
self.absorb_nutzap(event, cx);
}
}
/// Open the cdk store and build a wallet per mint that is not open yet.
fn ensure_wallets(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
let Some(data) = self.wallet.clone() else {
@@ -587,6 +688,7 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
}
cx.notify();
self.drain_pending_nutzaps(cx);
self.schedule_job(ops::Job::Reconcile, cx);
return;
@@ -613,6 +715,7 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
}
this.store_opening = false;
this.drain_pending_nutzaps(cx);
cx.notify();
this.schedule_job(ops::Job::Reconcile, cx);
})
@@ -657,12 +760,30 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
let signer = NostrRegistry::global(cx).read(cx).signer().clone();
let client = NostrRegistry::global(cx).read(cx).client().clone();
let wallet_key = match self
.wallet
.as_ref()
.map(|wallet| cdk::nuts::SecretKey::from_str(&wallet.privkey.to_secret_hex()))
{
Some(Ok(key)) => key,
Some(Err(error)) => {
self.emit_error(format!("invalid wallet key: {error}"), cx);
return;
}
None => {
self.emit_error("Wallet is not ready".to_string(), cx);
return;
}
};
self.job_running = true;
self.tasks.push(cx.spawn(async move |this, cx| {
let result = Tokio::spawn_result(cx, async move {
let ctx = ops::JobCtx {
wallets,
wallet_key,
signer,
client,
tokens,
@@ -731,6 +852,17 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
self.emit_updated(cx);
log::info!("received {amount} sats");
}
ops::Outcome::NutzapRedeemed {
update,
nutzap_id,
amount,
} => {
self.redeeming.remove(&nutzap_id);
self.redeemed.insert(nutzap_id);
self.apply_token_update(update);
self.emit_updated(cx);
log::info!("redeemed nutzap {nutzap_id} for {amount} sats");
}
}
}
@@ -746,9 +878,16 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
self.wallet = state.wallet;
self.tokens = state.tokens;
self.stale = state.stale;
self.redeemed = state.redeemed;
cx.notify();
self.ensure_wallets(cx);
self.schedule_job(ops::Job::Reconcile, cx);
// Claimed once the wallets are open; live redemptions continue
// through the notification listener
for event in state.nutzaps {
self.pending_nutzaps.push(event);
}
}
fn load(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<Self>) {
@@ -796,10 +935,10 @@ impl WalletRegistry {
// Subscribe only after the cache snapshot; from then on the state
// advances exclusively through the notification listener.
let subscribed =
cx.background_spawn(
async move { subscribe_client.subscribe(wallet_filter(me)).await },
);
let subscribed = cx.background_spawn(async move {
subscribe_client.subscribe(wallet_filter(me)).await?;
subscribe_client.subscribe(nutzap_filter(me)).await
});
if let Err(error) = subscribed.await {
log::warn!("wallet subscription failed: {error:#}");
}
@@ -822,9 +961,11 @@ where
S: AsyncNip44 + ?Sized,
{
let events = client.database().query(wallet_filter(*me)).await?;
let nutzap_events = client.database().query(nutzap_filter(*me)).await?;
let mut wallet_event: Option<&Event> = None;
let mut token_events = Vec::new();
let mut history_events = Vec::new();
let mut deletions = Vec::new();
for event in &events {
@@ -840,11 +981,25 @@ where
}
}
Kind::CashuWalletUnspentProof => token_events.push(event),
Kind::CashuWalletSpendingHistory => history_events.push(event),
Kind::EventDeletion if is_token_deletion(event) => deletions.push(event),
_ => {}
}
}
// Nutzap events tagged redeemed in our history events are already claimed
let mut redeemed = HashSet::new();
for event in history_events {
for id in redeemed_ids(event) {
redeemed.insert(id);
}
}
let nutzaps = nutzap_events
.into_iter()
.filter(|event| !redeemed.contains(&event.id))
.collect();
let mut stale = HashSet::new();
for event in deletions {
for tag in event.tags.iter() {
@@ -901,6 +1056,8 @@ where
wallet,
tokens,
stale,
redeemed,
nutzaps,
})
}
@@ -940,6 +1097,13 @@ fn wallet_filter(author: PublicKey) -> Filter {
])
}
/// NIP-61 nutzaps: public kind 9321 events p-tagging our identity pubkey
fn nutzap_filter(me: PublicKey) -> Filter {
Filter::new()
.kinds([Kind::Custom(9321)])
.custom_tag(SingleLetterTag::LOWERCASE_P, me.to_hex())
}
fn is_token_deletion(event: &Event) -> bool {
event.kind == Kind::EventDeletion
&& event
@@ -947,3 +1111,68 @@ fn is_token_deletion(event: &Event) -> bool {
.iter()
.any(|tag| tag.kind() == "k" && tag.content() == Some("7375"))
}
/// The `u` tag carries the mint URL; fall back to the older `mint` tag
fn nutzap_mint(event: &Event) -> Option<String> {
let tag = event
.tags
.iter()
.find(|tag| tag.kind() == "u" && tag.content().is_some())
.or_else(|| {
event
.tags
.iter()
.find(|tag| tag.kind() == "mint" && tag.content().is_some())
})?;
tag.content().map(str::to_string)
}
fn nutzap_proofs(event: &Event) -> Result<Proofs, Error> {
let mut proofs = Vec::new();
for tag in event.tags.iter() {
if tag.kind() != "proof" {
continue;
}
let Some(value) = tag.content() else {
continue;
};
let proof: Proof =
serde_json::from_str(value).map_err(|error| anyhow!("invalid proof tag: {error}"))?;
proofs.push(proof);
}
if proofs.is_empty() {
return Err(anyhow!("no proofs"));
}
Ok(Proofs::from(proofs))
}
/// NIP-61 requires nutzap proofs to be P2PK-locked to the wallet pubkey.
fn locked_to(proof: &Proof, target: &str) -> bool {
let Ok(conditions) = SpendingConditions::try_from(&proof.secret) else {
return false;
};
conditions
.pubkeys()
.map(|keys| keys.iter().any(|key| key.to_string() == target))
.unwrap_or(false)
}
/// Nutzap event ids our history events marked as redeemed.
fn redeemed_ids(event: &Event) -> Vec<EventId> {
event
.tags
.iter()
.filter(|tag| {
let slice = tag.as_slice();
slice.len() >= 4 && slice[0] == "e" && slice[3] == "redeemed"
})
.filter_map(|tag| tag.content())
.filter_map(|hex| EventId::from_hex(hex).ok())
.collect()
}
+120 -14
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@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ use cdk::Amount;
use cdk::amount::SplitTarget;
use cdk::mint_url::MintUrl;
use cdk::nuts::nut00::KnownMethod;
use cdk::nuts::{CurrencyUnit, Id, MeltQuoteState, MintQuoteState, PaymentMethod, Proof, State};
use cdk::nuts::{
CurrencyUnit, Id, MeltQuoteState, MintQuoteState, PaymentMethod, Proof, Proofs, SecretKey,
State,
};
use cdk::secret::Secret;
use cdk::wallet::types::ProofInfo;
use cdk::wallet::{ReceiveOptions, SendOptions, Wallet};
@@ -19,10 +22,38 @@ use crate::keys;
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub(crate) enum Job {
Reconcile,
ClaimQuote { mint: MintUrl, quote_id: String },
Melt { mint: MintUrl, invoice: String },
SendToken { mint: MintUrl, amount: u64 },
Receive { mint: MintUrl, token: String },
ClaimQuote {
mint: MintUrl,
quote_id: String,
},
Melt {
mint: MintUrl,
invoice: String,
},
SendToken {
mint: MintUrl,
amount: u64,
},
Receive {
mint: MintUrl,
token: String,
},
RedeemNutzap {
mint: MintUrl,
proofs: Proofs,
nutzap_id: EventId,
sender: PublicKey,
},
}
/// History event payload for a token state change
pub(crate) struct History {
pub(crate) direction: TransactionDirection,
pub(crate) amount: u64,
/// NIP-61 nutzap events redeemed by this state change
pub(crate) redeemed: Vec<EventId>,
/// Author of the redeemed nutzap, for the unencrypted `p` tag
pub(crate) sender: Option<PublicKey>,
}
pub(crate) struct TokenUpdate {
@@ -55,10 +86,17 @@ pub(crate) enum Outcome {
update: TokenUpdate,
amount: u64,
},
NutzapRedeemed {
update: TokenUpdate,
nutzap_id: EventId,
amount: u64,
},
}
pub(crate) struct JobCtx<S> {
pub(crate) wallets: HashMap<MintUrl, Wallet>,
/// Wallet signing key, unlocking P2PK-locked nutzap proofs
pub(crate) wallet_key: SecretKey,
pub(crate) signer: S,
pub(crate) client: Client,
/// Relay token events at schedule time.
@@ -88,7 +126,12 @@ where
wallet,
nostr_mint(&mint)?,
&previous_ids(&ctx.tokens, &mint),
Some((TransactionDirection::In, amount)),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::In,
amount: u64::from(quote.amount.unwrap_or_default()),
redeemed: Vec::new(),
sender: None,
}),
)
.await?;
@@ -126,7 +169,12 @@ where
wallet,
nostr_mint(&mint)?,
&previous_ids(&ctx.tokens, &mint),
Some((TransactionDirection::Out, amount)),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::Out,
amount,
redeemed: Vec::new(),
sender: None,
}),
)
.await?;
@@ -145,7 +193,12 @@ where
wallet,
nostr_mint(&mint)?,
&previous_ids(&ctx.tokens, &mint),
Some((TransactionDirection::Out, amount)),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::Out,
amount,
redeemed: Vec::new(),
sender: None,
}),
)
.await?;
@@ -161,7 +214,12 @@ where
wallet,
nostr_mint(&mint)?,
&previous_ids(&ctx.tokens, &mint),
Some((TransactionDirection::In, u64::from(received))),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::In,
amount: u64::from(received),
redeemed: Vec::new(),
sender: None,
}),
)
.await?;
@@ -170,6 +228,40 @@ where
amount: u64::from(received),
})
}
Job::RedeemNutzap {
mint,
proofs,
nutzap_id,
sender,
} => {
let wallet = wallet_for(&ctx, &mint)?;
let options = ReceiveOptions {
p2pk_signing_keys: vec![ctx.wallet_key.clone()],
..Default::default()
};
let received = wallet.receive_proofs(proofs, options, None, None).await?;
let update = sync_token_events(
&ctx.signer,
&ctx.client,
wallet,
nostr_mint(&mint)?,
&previous_ids(&ctx.tokens, &mint),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::In,
amount: u64::from(received),
redeemed: vec![nutzap_id],
sender: Some(sender),
}),
)
.await?;
Ok(Outcome::NutzapRedeemed {
update,
nutzap_id,
amount: u64::from(received),
})
}
}
}
@@ -193,7 +285,12 @@ where
wallet,
nostr_mint(mint_url)?,
&previous_ids(&tokens, mint_url),
Some((TransactionDirection::In, u64::from(minted))),
Some(History {
direction: TransactionDirection::In,
amount: u64::from(minted),
redeemed: Vec::new(),
sender: None,
}),
)
.await?;
@@ -246,7 +343,7 @@ async fn sync_token_events<S>(
wallet: &Wallet,
mint: Url,
previous: &[EventId],
history: Option<(TransactionDirection, u64)>,
history: Option<History>,
) -> Result<TokenUpdate, Error>
where
S: AsyncGetPublicKey + AsyncSignEvent + AsyncNip44 + Sync + ?Sized,
@@ -268,9 +365,18 @@ where
client.send_event(&deletion).await?;
}
if let Some((direction, amount)) = history {
let history_event =
keys::build_history_event(signer, &me, direction, amount, event.id, previous).await?;
if let Some(history) = history {
let history_event = keys::build_history_event(
signer,
&me,
history.direction,
history.amount,
event.id,
previous,
&history.redeemed,
history.sender,
)
.await?;
client.send_event(&history_event).await?;
}
+33 -8
View File
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
# NIP-60: cashu wallet — implementation plan
Spec: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/60.md
CDK: https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk (crates `cdk`, `cdk-redb`, `cdk-nostr`, from git main)
CDK: https://github.com/cashubtc/cdk (crates `cdk`, `cdk-redb`, from git main)
NIP-61: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/61.md
NIP-60 stores a user's cashu wallet state on relays: the wallet config
(kind `17375`), its unspent proofs (kind `7375`), and an optional spending
@@ -28,9 +29,13 @@ Key mechanics:
key). It exists to unlock P2PK-locked ecash, i.e. redeeming NIP-61
nutzaps.
- NIP-60 itself does not move money to/from others. Receiving ecash from
peers is NIP-61 (nutzaps): gift-wrapped token events P2PK-locked to the
wallet pubkey. Redemption is `receive` + a `7376` with an `e` tag
marked `redeemed` (this one tag stays unencrypted).
peers is NIP-61 (nutzaps): public `kind:9321` events published by the
sender, p-tagging the recipient's nostr identity pubkey, carrying
P2PK-locked proofs (`proof` tags) on a trusted mint (`u` tag). Redemption
is `receive_proofs` with the wallet signing key + a `7376` whose
unencrypted tags mark the nutzap `redeemed` and carry the sender pubkey.
- NIP-61 discovery runs through a `kind:10019` informational event
(relays, mints, wallet pubkey) published alongside the wallet event.
- History (7376) and quote events (7374) are optional; the spec recommends
local state for quotes. We publish 7376, skip 7374 (cdk keeps quotes in
its local DB).
@@ -246,11 +251,31 @@ Implemented in `crates/nip60/src/ops.rs` plus registry wiring:
Deferred: NUT-20/quote events (`7374`, per spec local state is fine),
sending tokens in-chat (v1 copies the token string).
### Phase 3 — NIP-61 redemption (cdk-nostr)
### Phase 3 — NIP-61 redemption (done)
1. `cdk_nostr::NostrInbox` on the wallet key + relays, started in
`Tokio::spawn`, stopped on reset; rumors parsed into proofs + mint.
2. Redemption path with `p2pk_signing_keys`, `redeemed` history tag.
Spec note: NIP-61 changed since this plan was first written — nutzaps are
now public `kind:9321` events p-tagging the recipient's nostr identity
pubkey (the old draft's `kind:938` + gift-wrap shape is gone). So
`cdk_nostr::NostrInbox` (a NIP-17 gift-wrap listener) is not the right
tool; the dependency was dropped and reception rides the app's existing
nostr client.
Implemented:
- `setup` also publishes a `kind:10019` nutzap info event (bootstrap
relays, wallet mints, wallet pubkey) so other clients can nutzap us.
- A second subscription (`kinds: [9321], #p: me`) feeds nutzaps through
the same notification listener; the cache load scans stored `9321`s
too, so unredeemed nutzaps survive restarts.
- `absorb_nutzap` parses `proof`/`u` tags, resolves the mint against the
open wallets, verifies every proof is P2PK-locked to the wallet pubkey
(NUT-10 spending conditions), and enqueues `Job::RedeemNutzap` through
the serialized job queue.
- The job redeems via `wallet.receive_proofs` with the wallet key in
`p2pk_signing_keys`, then syncs with a `7376` history event whose
unencrypted tags mark the nutzap `redeemed` and tag the sender.
- Already-redeemed nutzaps (from cached `7376` tags) and ones with a job
in flight are skipped; failed redemptions are retried on relay echo.
### Phase 4 — UI